Understanding Cannabis-Based Medicinal Products (CBPMs) in the UK
Cannabis-Based Products for Medicinal Use (CBPMs) is the official UK term for prescription cannabis medicines. These became legally prescribable by specialist doctors in November 2018. This page explains what CBPMs are, how they fit into UK regulations, and key differences from non-prescription products.
Important Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. CBPMs are prescription-only medicines. Decisions about treatment must be made by a qualified specialist doctor. Always consult a healthcare professional. Individual responses vary, and these products are not appropriate for everyone.
What Are CBPMs?
CBPMs are preparations or products containing cannabis, cannabis resin, cannabinol, or cannabinol derivatives, produced for medicinal use in humans. Most are unlicensed (“specials”) medicines that meet strict quality and safety standards but have not gone through the full MHRA marketing authorisation process for broad use.
A small number of cannabis-derived medicines hold full licences:
• Sativex (nabiximols) — THC:CBD mouth spray, licensed for MS-related spasticity.
• Epidyolex (cannabidiol) — Highly purified CBD oral solution, licensed for certain severe epilepsies (e.g., Dravet syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome).
CBPMs vs Over-the-Counter CBD Products
| Aspect | CBPMs (Medical Cannabis) | Over-the-Counter CBD Products |
|---|---|---|
| Legal Status | Prescription-only (Schedule 2 controlled drug) | Food supplements (when THC ≤ 0.2% or 1mg per container) |
| THC Content | Can contain significant levels of THC | Very low or zero THC |
| Regulation | MHRA standards + specialist doctor prescribing | FSA food supplement rules |
| Medical Claims | Allowed under specialist prescription | Strictly limited (no disease treatment claims) |
| Prescriber | Only GMC Specialist Register doctors | Available without prescription |
| Forms Available | Oils, dried flower (vaporised), capsules, sprays | Oils, capsules, gummies, topicals, etc. |
CBPMs can include a range of cannabinoids (THC, CBD, and others) and are prescribed when clinically appropriate, often after other treatments have not provided sufficient relief.
Legal Framework in the UK
• Rescheduled in November 2018 from Schedule 1 to Schedule 2 under the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001.
• Cannabis plant and raw cannabis remain Class B / Schedule 1.
• Only specialists on the GMC Specialist Register can initiate prescriptions.
• With a valid prescription, patients can legally possess and use their medication. Recent police guidance supports treating lawful patients appropriately.
Common Forms of CBPMs
Oils / Tinctures — Most common, taken sublingually or swallowed.
Dried Flower — For vaporisation (not smoking).
Capsules / Granules — Precise dosing.
Sprays (e.g., licensed Sativex).
Smoking is not recommended or typically prescribed for medical use.
The UK Medical Cannabis Registry
Many patients are encouraged to join the UK Medical Cannabis Registry. This collects real-world data on outcomes, safety, and quality of life to help build the evidence base.
Important Considerations
• Treatment is highly individualised with regular monitoring.
• Driving, workplace, and travel rules apply — follow specialist advice.
• Quality and consistency are strictly controlled for prescribed products.
FAQs
What does CBPM stand for?
Cannabis-Based Products for Medicinal Use — the formal UK term for prescribed medical cannabis.
Is CBPM the same as CBD oil?
No. CBPMs are prescription medicines that may contain THC and other cannabinoids, while most shop-bought CBD is a low-THC food supplement.
Can any doctor prescribe CBPMs?
No — only specialists on the GMC Specialist Register.
Are CBPMs available on the NHS?
Very limited. Most access is via private specialist clinics.
Further Reading / Sources
GOV.UK and NHS pages on CBPMs
NICE Guideline NG144
UK Medical Cannabis Registry
MHRA guidance
Final Disclaimer: Laws and clinical guidance can change. This page summarises publicly available information as of 2026. Always verify with official sources or your specialist doctor for personalised advice.